Operation Sea Lion was dependent on the German Luftwaffe (air force) gaining full air superiority over southern England and effectively neutralising Britain's undoubted naval superiority. The original plan, involving the landing of 40 divisions between Dorset and Kent, was considered way too ambitious. Ultimately, the plan was scaled back to a more limited operation, landing 9 divisions and 2 paratrooper divisions on a narrower front between Rottingdean and Hythe.
German forces were engaged in a number of relatively large-scale amphibious training exercises during the summer of 1940. In addition, by September 1940, large numbers of motor vessels and barges were being concentrated in the ports of northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands to act as the main invasion fleet. However, notwithstanding such preparations, it remains doubtful as to how serious Hitler and the respective heads of the German armed services really were about mounting a full-scale invasion. The German Navy were doubtful as to the suitability of the craft at their disposal and their ability to protect such a slow-moving fleet and the follow-up supply convoys from the attentions of the Royal Navy. The army was sceptical that the smaller number of divisions would be sufficient for the task involved and were concerned about the issue of re-supplying their forces. Finally, the Luftwaffe considered that the achievement of full air superiority over the battle zone and the North Sea was unrealistic.
The heavy losses endured by the Luftwaffe during the months of August and September and the prospect of deteriorating weather and tidal conditions led to Hitler cancelling Operation Sea Lion on the 17th September 1940.
German Army handbook dated August 1940, relating to Operation Sea Lion, the proposed Nazi invasion of Britain. This particular handbook covers potential landing zones on the south coast of England and has a comprehensive set of maps, photographs, coastal reliefs and notes relating to potential landing sites. There were also other handbooks covering the east coast of England, town plans and the military geography of the United Kingdom.
To view additional material related to Operation Sealion, click here.
Back